Uses in Tradition systems of medicine

• Used in Ayurveda and Unani.
• Provides an important cosmetic dye.
• Leaves, bark, root, seeds, flower are used for the treatment of Epilepsy and Jaundice, Remedy for malignant ulcers, Dysuria, bleeding disorder, Prurigo and other obstinate skin diseases, Insomnia, Diuretic, Headache, Hemicranias, Lumbago, Bronchitis, Boils, Ophthalmia, Syphilitis, Sores, Amenorrhoea, Scabies, and Spleen diseases.
• It is finely ground brown or green powder or fresh leaf.
• Finds mention in Charakasamhita and Sushruta Samhitaa.

• Vitamin E
• Minerals- Nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium.
• Carbohydrates, Phenolic compounds, Flavonoids, Saponins, Proteins, Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Quinones, Coumarins, Xanthones, 6% Fat, 2-3% Resin and 7-8%, Tannins [23-30]

• Antimicrobial
• Anti-inflammatory
• Analgesic
• Antiamoebiasis
• Astringent
• Antihemorrhagic
• Antiparasitic effects
• Molluscicidal effects
• Anticancer effects
• Antiulcer effects
• Antifungal
• Antipyretic effects
• Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects
• Antioxidant activity
• Hepatoprotective activity
• Antiurolithiatic activity
• Diuretic activity

Active Phytochemicals

1. Lawsone ( 2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone )

2. Gallic acid ( 4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid )

3. Catechin ( 2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol )

4. Chlorogenic acid (1S,3R,4R,5R)-3-{[(2E)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy}-1,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid )

5. Caffeic acid ( 2E)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid )

6. Umbelliferone ( 7-Hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one )

7. Rutin ( quercetin-3-O-rutinoside )

8. Ellagic acid ( 2,3,7,8-Tetrahydroxy[1]benzopyrano[5,4,3-cde][1]benzopyran-5,10-dione )

9. Quercetin ( 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxychromen-4-one )

10. Kaempferol ( 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one )

11. Coumaric acid ( cis-4-Hydroxycinnamic acid )

12. Luteolin ( 7-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside )