Uses in Tradition systems of medicine

• Leaves:-A mixture of leaves powdered with honey is used in bilious infections. A decoction of leaves is used as a douche in dysmenorrhea, as a wash for wounds and ulcers. Leaf juice is massaged on hair to prevent splitting. Leaf latex is used for boils and blisters and measles.
• Fruits:-The fruit is an astringent, stomachic, carminative given in menorrhea and hemoptysis . Fruits are used as a remedy for visceral obstruction, diarrhea and constipation . A bath made of fruit and bark is regarded as a cure for leprosy. The fruit is regarded as a good remedy for diabetes .
• Bark:-The bark is astringent. An infusion of bark is employed as mouth wash in spongy gum condition, dysentery, menorrhea, hemoptysis, and diabetes. It is also used as a wash for wounds, highly efficacious in threatened abortions and also recommended in uropathy. A decoction of bark is given in asthma and piles . The sap extracted from the trunk has been described as valuable medicine in diabetes. Paste of stem bark is used in burns, swelling, leucorrhea dysentery and diarrhea .
• Latex: The latex is aphrodisiac and is administered in boils, diarrhea, dysentery, and hemorrhoids . It is also used to cure stomachache , cholera and mumps . It has been reported in the indigenous system of medicine in Sri Lanka in the treatment of skeletal fracture to control severe diarrhea, particularly in children. Latex is used as adhesive.
• Sap of the root:-Sap of the root is given for gonorrhea, diabetes and as a topical application in mumps and other inflammatory glandular enlargements. Root sap is claimed to cure heat stroke, chronic wounds and malaria in cattle .

• Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) 0.4 mg (30.77%)
• Iron, Fe 1.3 mg (16.25%)
• Copper, Cu 0.1 mg (11.11%)
• Potassium, K 508 mg (10.81%)
• Magnesium, Mg 35 mg (8.33%)
• Calcium, Ca 72 mg (7.20%)
• Phosphorus, P 47 mg (6.71%)
• Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) 0.05 mg (4.17%)
• Zinc, Zn 0.3 mg (2.73%)
• Protein 1.3 g (2.60%

Suggested Medicinal Properties

• Hyp Antioxidant and radioprotective activity
• Oglycemic/antihyperglycemic activity
• Epatoprotective activity
• Chemopreventive activity
• Anti-inflammatory activity
• Analgesic activity
• Antibacterial activity
• Antifungal activity
• Gastroprotective activity
• Antidiarrheal activity
• Antifilarial activity
• Larvicidal/wormicidal activity
• Antipyretic activity

Active Phytochemicals

1. Polysterols:- Bergapten, bergaptol, lanosterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol-d-glucoside (Phytosterolin) ,Taraxasterol, psoralen and bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen).

2. Flavonoids:- Leucocyanidin-3-O-β-glucopyranosid, leucopelargonidin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, leucopelargonidin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, lupeol, cetyl behenate, acetate and α-amyrin acetate, Kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin, Kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, Quercetin, quercetin 3-O-l-rhamnopyranosyl (1-6)-β-d-glucopyranoside.

3. Polyphenols:- Tannin, wax, saponin, leucoanthocyanidin, leucoanthocyanin, Eugenol, 2-phenylethyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol, hexenol, n-hexanol, phytol, benzyl alcohol.

4. Miscellaneous compounds:- Undecane, tridecane, tetradecane, (e)-β-ocimene β-bourbonene, β-caryophyllene, α-trans bergamotene, α-thujene, α-pinene, β-pinene, α-terpinene, limonene, dendrolasine, dendrolasine α-ylangene, α-copaene, aromadendrene, α-humulene, alloaromadendrene, germacrene, bicycle-germacrene, γ-cadinene and δ-cadinene.

5. Phenolic acids:- Betulinic acid, lupeol, Gallic acid, Malic acid

6. Sterols:- Stigmasterol, bergapten, scopoletin, β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside.

7. Volatile compounds:- Carvacrol, α-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, linalool, 3-tetradecanone, geranylacetone, 3,7,11-trimethyl-3-hydroxy-6;10-dodecadiene-1-yl acetate, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, α-caryophyllene, 2-methyl-3-hexyne and scytalone.

8. Anthocyanins:- Trihydroxy-stilbene-3, 5-O-β-d-diglucopyranoside, euphol-3-ocinnamate, lupeol, taraxar-14-ene, Cetyl behenate, lupeol, α-amyrin acetate.

9. Terpenes:- Pentacyclic triterpenes 8,26-cyclo-urs-21-en3β, 20β-diol and 3β-acetoxy-8, 26-cyclo-ursan-20β-ol and also 3-friedelanone.