Uses in Tradition systems of medicine

• The leaves and bark of pinnatum are bitter tonic , astringent analgesic carminative , ethanopharmacologically used for the treatment of diarrhea and vomiting , earache , burns , gastric ulcers ,insect bites and lithiasis .
• The plant has also been employed for the treatment of edema of legs . Leaves powder used as wound dressing and sold as ‘Jakhmehayat’ .In southeastern Nigeria , the herb is used to facilitate the dropping of placenta of newly born baby .
• The juice from fresh leaves is used to treat smallpox , otitis , cough, asthma , palpitatious , and headache .
• In traditional medicine the leaves of the plant have been used for antifungal , antihistamine and antiallergic activity .
• This is also applied on the on the bodies of young children when they are ill.
• It is largely used in folk medicines for the treatment of hypertension and kidney stones , pulmonary infections , rheumatoid arthritis etc .

• Sodium
• Minerals- Zinc & Iron
• Manganese
• Phosphorous
• Potassium
• Calcium

Suggested Medicinal Properties

• Antioxidant
• Digestion stimulator
• Anthelmintic
• Antiprotozoal
• Antimicrobial
• Antifungal
• Antiulcer
• Hepatoprotective effect
• Antiinflammatory effect
• Immunosuppressive

Active Phytochemicals

1. Phenols , Phenylpropanoids and Flavanoids
Syringic acid , caffeic acid , 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-cinnamic acid , 4-hydroxy benzoic acid ,phydrocinnamic acid , ferulic acid , phosphoenolpyruvate , protocatechuic acid isolated from aerial parts of plants . leaves contain astragalin , 3,8-dimethoxy-4,5,7 trihydroxyflavon , friedelin , luteolin , rutin , kaempferol 3-glucoside . Because of its restricted occurance and its abundance in B.pinnatum , flavonoid maybe a chemical marker of the plant of higher therapeutic potential .

2. Triterpenoids and Steroids
The plant contains α-amyrinacetate , α-amyrin ,β-amyrin , β-amyrinacetate ,bryophollenone , taraxerol, ψ-taraxasterol, pseudo taraxasterol , 18-α- oleanane , friedelin , glutinol . The cardienolide and steroidal contents includes β-sitosterol , bryophyllol,bryophynol , bryophyllin B (antitumor) , bryophyllin A (bryotoxin C , bufadienolide 1,3 ,5 –orthoacetate) with potent cytotoxicity , a insecticidal bufadienolide bryophilin C and bersaldegenin -1,3,5 – orthoacetate , campesterol , 24 –ethyl-25-hudroxy-cholestrol, isofucosterol, clinasterol , codisterol , stigmasterol, patuletin , 3-O-(4-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl) ) patuletin, 3-O-α-L-rhamno pyranosyl-7-O-(2-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamno pyranoside) patuletin, 3-O-(4-O- acetyl-α- L- rhamno pyranosyl)-7-Orhamno pyranoside patuletin are isolated from aerial parts .